Children work in the coffee fields:
In coffee producing countries it has been customary for children to work in the coffee fields with the adults. This practice may be regarded by citizens from more developed nations as a form of “forced child labor”, but the truth is, that in this country at least when coffee picking is concerned, children have worked as hard as any other adult.
Around the early 1800s, coffee was introduced to this country from Jamaica, and it quickly became to most Costa Rican families of limited means a way to obtain additional earnings. Children since then were enrolled in the difficult and grueling task of harvesting the "grain of gold".
Coffee thrives in cool climates and with our rich volcanic soils adding natural fertilizers; coffee seedlings right from the start found the rich, fertile ground they needed. Coffee farm owners became wealthy overnight and our local economy bloomed. Costa Rica became not only the first Central America country to grow coffee but, also, a main coffee exporter. By the end of the 18th century, this country was exporting oxcarts full of the coffee grain to England and the rest of Europe by boat.
Like in the old days:
It seems like in those old days, everyone was stricken with the coffee fever. Our grandfathers, grandmothers and their children, growers and peasants alike, left their homes very early in the morning to care for the young coffee trees and when coffee picking season arrived, entire families headed for the foothills of sleepy mountains covered still by blankets of dew and prepared themselves for "las cogidas de cafe".
The majority of Costa Ricans citizens live in the Central Valley. The Central Valley is where the capital and many other important large cities are located. Mornings in the valley tend to be cool particularly November through the middle of March. Coffee picking season normally begins in November when gray, rainy, cold mornings are quite common.
I remember how hard it was for me to get up on those cold mornings and leave my bed, which I shared with my two sisters, around four in the morning. I was, of course "strongly encouraged" against my will by my mother. The first thing I used to do was to look for a sweater and a pair of pants, borrowed from the men in my family to wear under my dress. Girls and women, until the beginning of the sixties generation did not wear pants in Costa Rica. All of that changed with the arrival of denim in the form of blue jeans and the sudden popularity of unisex bell-bottoms, tie-dyed t-shirts, beads and headbands.
Similar to migrant labor in the U.S.:
Similar to the way it is today with migrant labor in the U.S., many coffee plantations here provided transportation for the laborers going to the fields to work. Around 4:30 in the morning, after having had coffee and a little bread for breakfast, children and adults were “rounded up"” and driven to the highlands where the long, often arduous day awaited them.
Coffee picking is not and it has never been easy. It is not like picking apples at the apple orchards in the fall season up North, where children go to the apple farms to look for the plumpest, juiciest red apples hanging neatly from well-cared, manicured apples trees.
In our tropical climates there is always an abundance of unfriendly insects: ugly hairy worms and fierce-looking tarantulas hidden under the foliage and scurrying under the moist dirt. Poisonous snakes wrapped themselves around tree trunks, placidly taking a nap, but when disturbed, they turned dangerous and could strike the unaware worker.
With broken fingernails:
With broken fingernails and bruised, scraped skin from rubbing against branches and sharp sticks; coffee pickers against all odds, managed to fill up beautiful baskets call “canastos" woven out of a type of reed that used to grow wild in the woods, with the precious, coveted red bean. The red coffee beans were later poured into large burlap sacks. The canastos were worn around peoples' waists and secured with thick belts of leather or rubber in order to support the weight of the coffee. While adult-sized canastos were made large enough to gather up one or two “ cajuelas”, the equivalent of 32 pounds of coffee, kids baskets were made in "cuartillos" with a capacity to collect about 3 kilos, smaller and a bit more manageable.
I remember how heavy those baskets were. They were weighty and cumbersome. It was hard to walk straight even to the nearest coffee tree, only about one or two meters apart, carrying all that weight around the waist. Children had to make a bigger effort to reach the coffee branches heavy with the beans. Sometimes the belt supporting the baskets became undone and the beans spilled all over the ground covered with a thick layer of dead leaves, twigs and clumps of dirt or went rolling in all directions. When coffee has to be picked from the ground, it is never easy separating the beans from decaying leaves and dirt lumps. This type of “accident” is always a big setback. Coffee picking is a very competitive activity. The faster a worker picks the ripe beans from the densely planted rows of coffee trees; the more profits are obtained at the end of the day.
At lunchtime, workers took a break to eat their cold lunches in tin bowls wrapped in cloth napkins. Hot beverages, such as coffee and agua dulce, were put into ordinary glass bottles, which were cold by the time lunchtime arrived - at noon when the sun was to be hitting the hardest.
No nap after lunch:
No worker could ever afford the luxury of a nap after lunch was over. It was time to get up and go back to the picking. Despite all of that, I have happy memories of those cold lunches of rice and beans and tortillas, sitting on the damp earth, taking a break from the physical, exhausting work.
On late afternoon, before it got dark, our hands, arms and faces stained and filled with the sticky juice of the ripe beans, my family and all of the others there, took our canastos and burlap sacks filled to the rim with the shiny red beans to the weighing station, a central place at the plantation where a couple of large trucks served both to collect the grain from the laborers and as platforms from where the men in charge of the payroll paid the workers their daily earnings. At the weight station, the coffee was weighed by "cuartillos", "cajuelas" or "fanegas", which are the terms used in the coffee industry in Costa Rica to refer to the amount of coffee gathered up by the worker.
The form of pay used to be handled with plastic tokens like the ones used at casinos nowadays. Those
coffee tokens were kept, then exchanged for cash on payday at the end of the week. Hundreds of families like mine exchanged their token and walked out of the fields with their very hard-earned money, just before going home to rest for the weekend..
Writer's Profile:
Ana, who now lives permanently in Costa Rica with her husband Steve Brown, lived for almost 20 years in the United States. Feeling "homesick" for Costa Rica during all of those years, she put down on paper some of the things she remembered from her childhood as a way to keep alive her memories.
For several years she taught mentally handicapped children, and was active in several community organizations in her hometown in Illinois, including the Special Olympics. On her spare time, she went out for long walks or wrote poetry and articles of local interest. Many of her stories were published in the town newspaper, The Edwardsville Intelligencer. Her poetry appeared in "Voices from the Edge, a writer's club publication, and in many newsletters.
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